Royce Gracie

Royce Gracie was born on 12 December 1966, one of Helio Gracie's sons, and by his own family's account was not the best fighter in it. His brother Rickson was. The choice of Royce to represent the family at the first Ultimate Fighting Championship was a decision about what the family wanted to demonstrate: send the lightest, least imposing man available, so that nothing about the result could be attributed to size.

Sherdog's record of the night is worth reading as a document rather than a highlight reel. At UFC 1 in Denver on 12 November 1993 he beat the boxer Art Jimmerson by smother choke in 2:18, Ken Shamrock by lapel choke in 0:57, and the savate fighter Gerard Gordeau by rear naked choke in 1:44. Two of the three were refereed by Helio Vigio, an old associate of the family from Rio. Four months later at UFC 2 he won four fights in one night, three of them in under a hundred seconds each. At UFC 4, in December 1994, he won the tournament again. The UFC's own site lists his career at 13-2-2 and carries him in its Hall of Fame.

What made this consequential was not novelty - grapplers had beaten strikers in vale tudo for sixty years - but format and audience. The results were dated, filmed, sold to a paying public and repeated on a schedule. Anyone teaching a striking art in 1994 now had to answer a specific question about a specific tape, and the honest answers reorganised training rooms across the world within about five years. It is the clearest case in combat sports of a demonstration changing practice.

The record also contains its corrections, and they belong here. At UFC 3 in September 1994 he submitted Kimo Leopoldo and then withdrew before the final, exhausted. In December 1998 he accepted a jiu-jitsu challenge from Wallid Ismail, a Carlson Gracie black belt who had been calling him out for years, and was choked unconscious with a clock choke. His later career, in Pride, in K-1 and in a 2006 return to the UFC against Matt Hughes, was that of a specialist who had been caught up with: Sherdog records the Hughes fight as a technical knockout loss.

The wider point is about what the early tournaments actually proved. They demonstrated that an unprepared striker has no answer to a competent grappler, which was worth knowing and was not widely believed. They did not demonstrate that jiu-jitsu beats everything, and the sport spent the following decade discovering the difference as wrestlers, and then strikers who had learned to defend takedowns, closed the gap. Royce Gracie's contribution is the demonstration, not the conclusion that was drawn from it.